My State filing was accepted but the payment never was deducted from my account. Why did turbo tax not deduct when I paid to have it filed? Now I am being penalized!

TurboTax cannot pay state or federal taxes, they have no authorization to access your account.  You were to enter how you wanted to pay your state taxes by direct debit or credit card when you filed your return.  If your return was accepted then it would up to your state to deduct the taxes owed from your account.