You could enter the payment as an estimated tax in 2024, but the IRS will not recognize it until they process your 2023 tax return. So, if you file your 2024 return before the 2023 return is processed, the IRS will adjust it by removing the estimated tax you entered. Once they process the 2023 return later, they will likely issue you a refund, but that may not be right away as it is a confusing situation.
The best thing to do would be to wait until they process the 2023 return before you submit the 2024 return. If you want to enter the estimated tax you can do so in the Deductions and Credits section, then Estimates and Other Taxes Paid.