I paid my taxes due by credit card when I E filed with Turbo Tax, but when I print out my return now, it doesn’t show I paid? How does this work?

The federal tax return will not show the taxes paid.

Your proof of payment for the taxes owed is your credit card statement showing the payee and the amount paid.

Right.  Turbo Tax will never know if or when the tax due was paid.  The IRS or state never updates them when they get your payment.  Turbo Tax will always show the tax due.   That is just the result of your tax return when you filed.   Your only proof of payment is your bank statement or credit card showing the payment coming out.