Having debt and having debt cancelled are not the same. The form 1099-C is used by creditors to report debt that has been cancelled; will not be paid back. The deadline for the creditor to file that form 1099-C and provide taxpayers a copy is 31 January.
If you believe you had some debt cancelled in 2023, you have a couple of options to get the form information for your tax returns.
1. Contact the creditor
2. Get an online Wage and Income transcript from the IRS using this link. That transcript will show any income forms filed against your social security number.