I already filed my dad's tax return, he claimed me as a dependent). In 2023, I got W2 around 17k. Should I file my own tax? and does it affect my dad's tax return?

It might affect him if he can't claim you.  How old are you?  Are you a full time student?  

Yes you have to file your own return.  Be sure on your return you check the box that says you can be claimed on someone else’s return.  If your only income is W2 and under 13,850 you do not have to file a return except to get back any withholding taken out.

Yes, you will need to file your own tax return because your income exceeds the requirements listed in this FAQ. It doesn't affect your dad's return if you entered yourself as a his dependent and he was qualified to list you as his dependent. 

Check here to see if your dad was qualified to claim you as his dependent.