No, you're only allowed to claim credits and deductions in the tax year they apply to, and income needs to be reported in the tax year it was received.
For example, if you made a sizeable charitable donation in 2021, but forgot to include it on last year's return, you can't claim it this year.
Likewise, you can't report income you received in 2021 on your 2022 return.
If you already filed the prior-year return and need to make changes like the above, you'll need to amend your return.
