You won't be able to file for installment payments directly through TurboTax. TurboTax only handles the Federal installment agreement (Form 9465). You can, however, file for an installment agreement online with California. You can use the link below to get more information and start an application for installments with California.
If you want to use the installment link below, then you should tell the program that you will send a check for payment and then apply for the installment agreement below instead. Using the pay by check option won't obligate you to pay in full by check - it is just a trigger for the program to print you up a voucher to send with the payment and you can ignore / trash the voucher.
https://www.ftb.ca.gov/online/eIA/