You would file as PA resident if you had other PA income. If you had only military income earned outside PA and had no PA taxes withheld then you are not required to file.
Yes, you can amend your state return without filing an amendment for your federal. Please see I need to amend my state return.
From the PA Revenue Department:
As a Pennsylvania resident on active duty outside of Pennsylvania, only your military income is not taxable or reportable. Any other income you may have, such as compensation from a part time or full time job, interest, dividends, etc., from inside or outside of Pennsylvania, remains taxable and reportable. If your only income was the nontaxable military income, and PA tax was not withheld from that income, you are not required to file a Pennsylvania tax return. If you had other income, and it was $33.00 or more, report only that income when you file. Do not report the military income on Line 1a of your PA-40 return. Attach a copy of your military orders to your return to verify you were serving outside of PA.
If you are filing electronically, fax a copy of your W-2 and military orders to 717-772-4193 or email a PDF version to RA-BITPITELFCORFAXES@pa.gov. If you are unable to fax or email, please mail your orders to:
Department of Revenue
Electronic Filing Section
P.O. Box 280507
Harrisburg, PA 17128-0507
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