Retirement tax questions

To clarify, did you request the return of excess contribution plus earnings or just took a distribution? 

If you requested the return of excess contribution plus earnings then you should have a 2024 Form 1099-R with code P and J for the 2023 excess and a 2024 Form 1099-R with code 8 and J for the 2024 excess returned in 2024.

The 2024 Form 1099-R with code P and J belongs on your 2023 return and you should have the earnings from box 2a listed on line 4b on your 2023 Form 1040 (assuming you had no other IRA distribution in 2023). If you didn't report the earnings correctly then you have to amend your 2023 return to add the 2024 Form 1099-R with codes P and J and make the necessary corrections. Please see How do I amend my federal tax return for a prior year?

1. Click on the "Search" on the top right and type “1099-R” 
2. Click on “Jump to 1099-R”
3. Enter the 2024 Form 1099-R with code P and J
4. On the "Which year on Form 1099-R" screen say that this is a 2024 Form 1099-R.
5. Click "Continue" after all 1099-R are entered and answer all the questions.
6. Continue until "Did you use your IRA to pay for any of these expenses?" screen and enter the amount of earnings under "Corrective distributions made before the due date of the return".

Please be aware, code P will say in the drop-down menu "Return of contribution taxable in 2022" but you can ignore that since the follow-up question will tell TurboTax that it will be taxable in 2023.

You should check with your custodian why you got a 2024 Form 1099-R with code J instead of codes 8 and J for the return of the 2024 excess contributions plus earnings.