Yes, if your doctor has declared you permanently and totally disabled, you can claim the penalty exemption. You not need to send proof with your return, however, you will need to keep it with your records in case the IRS would contact you for proof of the disability.
The approval from social security does not determine whether or not you are disabled permanently, although it makes it slightly easier to prove. So yes, you can still claim it even without your application being approved.
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