I am not a tax professional.
I refer you to IRS Publication 590-B https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p590b.pdf especially page 21, which describes the codes on your 1099-R, and page 24 which discusses exceptions to the 10% early withdrawal penalty, and page 25 which discusses disability.
Also https://www.irahelp.com/slottreport/5-things-know-about-disability-exception-10-early-ira-distributi... contains a good discussion about the definition of disability (very strict) and how to file and claim the disability exception even if your 1099-R does not report that exception.
