The general concept of a tax return is the same. You are correct, there is not currently an exemption for each child, instead there is a $2,000 Child Tax Credit if you have a qualifying child under the age of 17 and income with a tax liability. If your child is over 16, then they may qualify for the Other Dependent Credit.
The standard deduction has been increased drastically with the elimination of the personal exemptions. If you are filing as head of household, your standard deduction would now be $19,400.
Unlike the rules for 2021, you must have income to claim any type of credits. The Child Tax Credit is not refundable. This means, it will lower your tax liability, but will not be refunded to you. If you have some income, you can still claim the Additional Child Tax Credit which is work up to $1,500 per child and is calculated based on 15% of your earned income minus $2,500.
When you say as you have done in the past, I am not sure if you filed a return every year since 2018, but if you have not, when you do file, you will need to enter $0 at the end of your return when it asks for your AGI from last year to verify your identity.
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