Yes when it comes to federal tax laws. Your child being on Medicaid does not affect your ability to claim them as a dependent.
You would need to check with the state Medicaid office to determine if your claiming them as a dependent would cause their benefits to be re-evaluated and your income considered instead of their mothers.
As long as all of the following apply, you can claim your 2nd child on your tax return.
The following criteria must be met to claim someone as a qualifying child:
- Your child (including adopted and foster children), your sibling, or a descendent of any of them.
- Age 18 or younger at the end of the tax year OR under 24 (and younger than you and your spouse) if they are a full-time student
- Lived with you for more than 6 months during the tax year
- They did not provide more than half of their own support (social security does not count)
- They did not file a joint return, unless it was to claim a refund
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