"At the end of 2023 when I file my taxes, is there a specific way for me to approach it? Are there penaltys associated with my plan above"
Sounds like you might be confused about when you will file your tax return(s). In early 2023 you will file a 2022 tax return. If you do not live in Montana during 2022, then you file a federal return and a NC return. If you move to Montana sometime in 2023---which is what it seems you are talking about, then in early 2024 you will file a 2023 tax return. If you live in NC part of 2023 and move during 2023, then you will have two part-year tax returns to prepare---one for NC and one for Montana.
Not sure why you are worried about penalties. People move from one state to another all the time. You are not penalized for moving.
**Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to offer the most correct information possible. The poster disclaims any legal responsibility for the accuracy of the information that is contained in this post.**
