If you don't qualify due to residency, you simply cannot get the credit.
The rule to allow you to use the prior years earned income does not change your ability to claim the credit if you do not qualify for the credit for other reasons such as residency criteria not being met.
The prior year earned income was used to calculate the EIC not the Child Tax Credit. It is still allowed to be used for the EIC. For the child tax credit you cannot claim the credit if you were not a resident of the US for more than 6 months.
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