Nothing is probably wrong. The 10% was just the withholding amount you could have had taken out. It is not the actual tax or rate. It was just for withholding like from your paychecks. The unemployment increased your total income so your tax is higher. More Income = more tax. Then any withholding and any credits are subtracted from the Tax leaving you with a Refund or Tax Due. And by adding more income it might have reduce some credits you were getting.
Look at your return. What lines don't you understand? Compare it to last year. Be sure to review your return before you file! Before filing you can preview the 1040 or print the whole return
https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/accessing/help/how-do-i-preview-my-turbotax-online-return-before-f...
