After you file

So did you try Efiling it again?  If it rejects as a Duplicate then you know the first one went though. How do you know the IRS doesn't have it?  Did you talk to them on the phone?  You can't go by the IRS Where's my refund lookup.  That is wrong a lot and usually says not found.  It doesn't always work right.  

Check your IRS account

Your Online Account | Internal Revenue Service