The receipt was probably for the Turbo Tax fees, not the tax due. Your only proof of a tax due payment is your bank account.
You can double check your efile status here
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/efile-status-lookup/
When you efile you get back 2 emails. The first email only confirms the transmission. The second email says if the IRS (or state) Accepted or Rejected your efile.
