The 10,400 deduction for 2017 single would be your
personal exemption 4,050 plus the
Standard Deduction 6,350
That is subtracted off your income before the tax is calculated. So you get taxed on less income. It is a good thing. That means the first 10,400 of your income is tax free.
So I don't understand why that makes you owe more. You should owe less.
