The taxes owed on your 2016 tax return must be paid on or before April, 18, 2017. If you chose direct debit from your bank account for payment on 4/18/17 then the IRS will debit your account on that date for the 2016 taxes owed.
The Form 1040-ES that were included with your tax return were based on your taxes owed for 2016. The forms are used to pay estimated taxes on the 2017 taxes.
