What is the cash method of accounting?
Under the cash method of accounting, income is generally recorded when you actually receive it, and expenses are generally recorded when you actually pay them.
However, there are exceptions:
Under the doctrine of constructive receipt, you must record income when it's made available to you for your use
Example: A customer pays you on December 30, 2025 for services you performed, but you don't deposit the check until January 2, 2026. You must record the payment as 2025 income. You can't defer it until 2026 just because you deposited the check in 2026.
Similarly, if you prepay certain expenses that benefit you in the two years following the year of payment (for example, payment made in 2025 that gives you a benefit in 2027) or you made payment more than 12 months in advance, you can't deduct the entire expense right away
Example: On July 1, 2025, you pay for a two-year subscription to a trade journal. You can deduct 1/4 of the payment in 2025, 1/2 in 2026, and 1/4 in 2027. You can't deduct the entire amount in 2025.
Many businesses without inventories use the cash method because it's fairly simple. Farming C corporations and farming partnerships with a C corporation as a partner with gross receipts of $31 million or less, qualified personal service corporations, and entities with average annual gross receipts of $31 million or less in the prior three-year period, may use the cash method.
