Since you have already e-filed your tax return, you would have to first wait and see if your tax return is accepted or rejected. If your return is rejected you can go back and change the refund method and/or banking information.
If accepted the
IRS will first attempt to deposit your refund into the bank account. Since the account is closed, the
IRS will then send you a paper check in the mail. As an alternative, you can contact
IRS E-file payment services at 1-888-353-4537 for assistance in correcting the banking information