What if you own a rental — or three — but don’t qualify as a real estate professional? Turns out you can qualify for the QBI deduction, as long as your rental activities constitute a trade or business.
Generally, this means each rental real estate enterprise (a rental property or group of similar rental properties, including K-1 rental income) must satisfy these three requirements:
- Each enterprise maintains its own books and records to track income and expenses.
- At least 250 hours of rental services are performed per year per enterprise.
- (Starting with tax year 2019) Contemporaneous records of services performed are kept which includes who performed the service, description of service, the date of the service, and how long it took (who, what, when, and how long).
Rental services can be performed by the owners or by their employees, independent contractors, or agents, and would include things like:
- General operation, maintenance, and repair of the property
- Purchasing materials
- Property management activities
- Supervising employees and contractors
- Advertising the property for rent
- Tenant selection and background checks
- Negotiating and executing leases
- Collecting and depositing rent
Activities excluded from the definition of rental services include:
- Time spent traveling to and from the property
- Reviewing financial statements or operational reports
- Financial or investment management (for example, financing)
- Procuring or acquiring property to rent
- Planning, managing, or constructing long-term capital improvements
Please note that if a rental fails to satisfy these requirements, the enterprise could still be treated as a qualified trade or business for the purposes of the QBI deduction, provided it meets the definition of a trade or business under IRC § 162.
