The One Big Beautiful Bill (OBBB) does NOT make any changes to how social security is taxed. Rather, the OBBB provides a new, temporary deduction for individuals aged 65 and older. This deduction is $6,000 per eligible individual ($12,000 for a married couple where both spouses qualify). This is in addition to the standard deduction already available to seniors.
So, whether a person is currently receiving social security or not (and the determination of how much of your social security is taxable) is irrelevant to the new tax deduction - as long as you meet the age requirement (age 65 or older), and you do not exceed the income thresholds (the additional deduction begins to phase out when Modified Adjusted Gross income exceeds $75,000 for single files, or $150,000 for married couples filing jointly), then you will be eligible for the additional deduction. Note that this new deduction for seniors is a temporary provision, effective for tax years 2025 through 2028.
The OBBB does not directly alter the existing structure of the Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount (IRMAA) for Medicare. IRMAA is the additional premium that beneficiaries with higher incomes pay for Medicare Part B and Part D. So yes, there will still be the additional premium for Medicare if your income is above certain amounts.
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