An LLC is taxed as a partnership by default if you have more that one member. I'm not sure about the distinction between an LLC and a partnership as far as taxes are concerned accept to say the default tax return for both of them is a Form 1065, partnership return. I agree with you that you should pay social security/self-employment tax on your earnings from the partnership if you are actively engaged in its operations. The only time this may not apply is if the partnership in operating at a loss and there isn't income from which to pay compensation. The only way your income from the partnership is going to be subject to self-employment tax is to make an entry in box 14 of the schedule K-1. And you are correct, if you don't pay into the social security system you won't be getting credit for taxes paid into the system which will reduce your benefits at retirement.
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