If you made no contributions to your 401k at work, and no contributions were made on your behalf by your employer, then you are not considered an active participant and can contribute to a IRA.
Be certain that your employer has not contributed. Check with your employer and also that the 'retirement plan' box on your W-2 is unchecked.
Note: If your spouse is covered by a retirement plan, your IRA deduction can be limited. See link below for contribution limits.
https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/ira-deduction-limits
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