Retirement tax questions

Simple answer: no. 

When you withdraw from an IRA, the entire amount is subject to tax in the year you took the distribution. None of the amount in box 1 of your 1099-R is deductible, UNLESS there is a different amount in box 2a. Even then, you don't actually take a deduction, you just report the taxable amount differently. TurboTax (TT) handles that automatically.

If you made some non-deductible contributions to your IRA, over the years, some of the distribution will not be taxable. Again, TT will handle that in the 1099-R interview.