No, you can't report a 1099-R for 2015 on your 2016 tax return. It has to go on your 2015 tax return. If you did not file a tax return for 2015, you can file it now to report the 1099-R. If you filed a tax return for 2015 but you omitted the 1099-R, you have to file an amended return (Form 1040X) for 2015 to add the 1099-R.
You said you got the 1099-R "in 2015." Is it for 2015 or for 2014? If it's for 2014, the answer is the same, but you have to file or amend your 2014 tax return.
