Retirement tax questions

Compensation for IRA's is defined in IRS Pub 590A and I assume that the rules for a 401(k) Roth are the same.
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.irs.gov/publications/p590a#en_US_2017_publink1000230355">https://www.irs.gov/publication...>

"What Isn’t Compensation?"

"- Any amounts (other than combat pay) you exclude from income, such as foreign earned income and housing costs."

Roth contributions whether an IRA or Designated Roth are always *after-tax* money.
**Disclaimer: This post is for discussion purposes only and is NOT tax advice. The author takes no responsibility for the accuracy of any information in this post.**