Yes, if you took the IRA contribution deduction it would show up in your transcript. The transcript wouldn't necessarily show that an 8606 was filed, however, if the contribution was not deducted. If you can't get a copy of your return from your old CPA, the IRS will send you a copy of your return for $30. You need to request this with a Form 4506.
To file an 8606 on your own, download the form from the IRS here: 8606
