The tax on excess accumulations in retirement accounts is an additional tax you would owe if you made an excess contribution in a prior year. Because IRAs have tax advantages, the limits must be adhered to- for example, if I ignored the contributions limits and put $100,000 in a ROTH IRA, I would be able to have more tax-free income on the earnings when distributed. It is 6% per year that the excess is kept in the account to encourage correction.
It is be in addition to any tax you paid on your IRA distribution and/or tax for late payment of RMD.
Please see Tax on Excess Contributions.
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