Since you did not have access to the funds until they were distributed in 2024 and tax returns are typically filed based upon a cash basis, any taxable pension distributions will be reported and taxed on your 2024 income tax return.
Please see this link for specifics on the tax treaty between the USA and South Africa. Section 18 outlines how pensions from South Africa might be treated on a US return depending upon when the pension was earned as well as the length of service before the distribution took place.
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