This is not an answer. It's merely a link to a 23-page government treaty written in legalese. I have looked at this many times before and never been able to understand it, in large part because of the so-called "saving clause" in Article 1, paragraph 4, which makes most of the treaty irrelevant to expats like me.
The reason I asked my question is because there is not a clear, concise answer available in this treaty, in any IRS documents I have looked at, or elsewhere online.
