The general rule is that you report income when you get "constructive use" of the funds.
If you got constructive use of the funds (i.e., cashed a check and put the funds into your checking account) in November 2023, then this is reportable in tax year 2023.
I do not know how (i.e., on what form) the court reports the distribution of the funds to you, the taxpayer, but as Patricia says, a 1099-MISC seems most likely.
If you never get a 1099-MISC, you can report this by "Wages & Income->Less Common Income->Miscellaneous Income".
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