You can always contribute to a traditional IRA, up to $6500 for 2023 and $7000 for 2024, plus $1000 catch-up provision if you are over age 55. However, there are income limits on contributing to a Roth IRA, and there are income limits on deducting your traditional IRA contributions. If you make a traditional IRA contribution that you can't deduct, that creates a basis in the IRA that you must keep track of. If you properly track the basis, then when you withdraw during retirement, a portion of the IRA withdrawal will be non-taxable because you already paid tax (did not deduct) the contribution.
