The Backdoor Roth only works as intended if there are no pre-tax funds in the traditional IRA. Otherwise the pro-rata rule applies. This means that with each distribution/ conversion you will have a taxable and nontaxable part.
You still can make nondeductible traditional IRA contributions for 2023 and enter this on your 2023 return but the second part the conversion has to be entered on the 2024 return if you are converting the funds in 2024.
Please see How do I enter a backdoor Roth IRA conversion? for additional information.
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