Based on your question, you're most likely referring to the Qualified Retirement Benefit Subtraction. See the qualifications below.
According to the 2023 Minnesota Individual Income Tax Instructions:
If you received a pension for certain public service, there is a new subtraction for pension income. You may be eligible for a subtraction up to $12,500 ($25,000 for a married taxpayer filing a joint return or qualified surviving spouse).
Line 29 — Qualified Retirement Benefits Subtraction in 2023 Schedule M1M, Income Additions and Subtractions provides additional information:
If you received certain pension pay for public service, you may be able to reduce your taxable income. To qualify, your pension pay must be taxable on your federal return and paid to you as a member (or for survivor benefits) under plans governed by:
• Chapter 353 (basic member of the Public Employees Retirement Association)
• Chapter 353, sections 353.63 to 353.666 (Public Employees Police and Fire plan)
• Chapter 353E (basic member of the Local Government Correctional Service Retirement Plan)
• Chapter 354 or 354A (basic member of the Teachers’ Retirement Association)
• Chapter 3A (basic member of the Legislators plan)
• Chapter 352B (State agency law enforcement retirement fund)
• Any federal government plan based on service for which no Social Security benefits were earned
• A plan created by another state or its political subdivisions or District of Columbia, if the other state allows a similar or reciprocal subtraction or exemption for the plans mentioned above
Note: You cannot receive this subtraction for pension payments based on service for which you also earned credit toward Social Security benefits and are therefore eligible to receive Social Security benefits based on the same service.
If your adjusted gross income is greater than these amounts based on your filing status, you do not qualify for this subtraction, and you need not complete the Worksheet for Line 29:
• Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Surviving Spouse - $118,000
• Single or Head of Household - $96,000
• Married Filing Separately - $68,000
