"I get $1825 back from 2022 HSA contribution."
Not quite. You get back a gain/loss adjusted amount that accomplishes a return of the $1,825 excess contribution for 2022. Only if there was no investment gain or loss attributable to the $1,825 of contributions being returned would the distribution equal $1,825.
"I would leave the entire $3600 (from 2021) in my account and leave it to grow tax free but pay the income tax + 10% additional tax on it now."
Correct. You are not permitted to request a return of the $3,300 contribution made for the first eleven months of 2021 when you were not an eligible individual and must pay the 10%, $330, extra tax on the $3,300.
In 2022 TurboTax you'll enter the $3,650 contribution (either $3,650 with code W in box 12 of your W-2 if contributed through and properly reported by your employer or as a personal contribution) and indicate that you had qualifying coverage for only January through June. TurboTax will tell you that you had a $1,825 excess contribution and you'll indicate that you had the other $1,825 of your contribution returned (no matter the amount of the gain/loss adjusted amount of the distribution). Finally, assuming that you used 2021 TurboTax to prepare your 2021 tax return and transferred that tax file into 2022 TurboTax to begin your 2022 tax return, TurboTax will recognize that you did not complete the testing period for using the last-month rule and will complete Form 8889 Part III to calculate the 10%, $330 additional tax on the $3,300. If you did not transfer in a 2021 TurboTax tax file, TurboTax will ask about your coverage in 2021 to be able to complete Part III.
In 2024 you'll get a code-2 2023 Form 1099-SA to enter into 2023 TurboTax.
