We cannot see your tax return. We do not know your filing status. We do not know how much income that you are reporting prior to entering the 1099-R into the tax return.
Even if the 20% + 10% = 30% was correctly withheld from the 1099-R, the amount in box 2a of the 1099-R will be added to your other income. Your total income is the amount that you are taxed upon.
At the bottom of the webpage here, you can see the Federal tax rates which range from 10% to 37% for 2022. Perhaps the income from the 1099-R put you into a higher tax bracket.
@scott-wedgeworth
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