dmertz
Level 15

Retirement tax questions

If you have other money with which to pay the taxes so that you can convert the entire distribution from the IRA to Roth, it generally makes sense to convert an amount that increases your AGI up to the top of the 22% tax bracket as long as you expect your tax bracket in the future to be no lower than 22% and the AGI increase does not have any side effect such an an increase in the amount of Social Security income that is taxed or causes an increase in Medicare Part B and D IRMAA.  The assumption is that you expect the investments in your IRAs to grow, so that growth would be better in a Roth IRA where the growth will be tax-free when the requirements for qualified Roth IRA distributions have been met (you have already met the age requirement, so all that remains is the requirement that it be at least 5 years from the beginning of the year for which you made your first Roth IRA contribution, including the year in which you made any rollover and conversion contributions to a Roth IRA).  Certainly the fact that in 2026 your tax bracket will revert to being 25% should be considered as a reason to convert now, even, perhaps allowing you to consider converting up into the present 24% tax bracket.  When you get up into the 24% tax bracket, be sure to watch out for Net Investment Income Tax that can add another 3.8% to your marginal tax rate on part or all of your investment income.

 

Note that once you reach the year that you reach age 72, no Roth conversion can be done from a particular traditional IRA until the RMD for that IRA has been satisfied.

 

Having a lot of tax-deferred retirement savings can be a tax time-bomb, so the earlier you begin to manage that the better.  Always consider the money in your tax-deferred retirement accounts to be partially belonging to the government in proportion to your future marginal tax rate; only part of the money is yours unless your future marginal tax rate is 0% due to having relatively low income, but that seems unlikely in your situation.