1) Do I show the amount paid as state income tax on the federal return
If you will look under the deductions and credits tab, you'll see a section for "Estimates and """OTHER"""" taxes paid. If you will work through that section, you will specifically and explicitly be asked for state taxes paid on one of those screens.
2) The tax paid to NJ in 2021 plus the estimated NJ tax paid for 2021 in 2022 was an addition $15,000. Do I have to take the full $24,000 on my Federal return for 2021 or can I take $9K in 2021 and the estimated tax paid in 2022 for 2021 on my 2022 Federal return.
If the additional $15K was applied "by you" to your 2021 tax liability at the time you paid it, then when you paid it does not matter "to a degree". You will report the payment on your 2021 tax return.
3) Should this tax payment be should as State Income tax on the Federal return or does it go on Schedule E somehow because it was related to the sale of the house.
No. You will only enter your tax payments "one" "time" in the Estimates & Other Taxes Paid section.
Ed
