The term "replacement shares" might be a bit misleading. The shares that are considered replacement shares could be purchased before or after the sale.
You don't have to purchase more stock in order to use the disallowed loss from the wash sale. The fact that a sale was identified as a wash sale means that you already purchased replacement shares. The disallowed loss is added to the basis of the replacement shares. You get the benefit of the loss when you sell the replacement shares.
When you say that you closed a position, I assume you mean that you sold all the shares you owned of a particular stock, and did not purchase any more shares of that same stock for at least 30 days after the sale. In that case, the wash sale doesn't matter. You have already gotten the benefit of the loss because you have sold the replacement shares. The loss just gets transferred to a different sale. If that's what you did, I don't see how the last sale could be a wash sale. You might be misunderstanding something, or it could be an error by the brokerage. Or maybe when you say you closed a position you mean something different from what I have described.
For positions where you still own some shares, you can recover the disallowed loss by selling all the shares that you still own, and not purchasing any shares of the same stock for at least 30 days after the sale.
Here is a link to an excellent detailed discussion of the intricacies of wash sales, with many examples. You will probable find it helpful.
The Wash Sale Rule
