See
Publication 527, Residential Rental Property (Including Rental of Vacation Homes) for all answers. It says on material participation: Generally, you materially participated in an activity for the tax year if you were involved in its operations on a regular, continuous, and substantial basis during the year. For details, see Pub. 925 or the Instructions for Schedule C.
Related:
About Publication 925, Passive Activity and At Risk Rules
About Schedule C (Form 1040), Profit or Loss From Business
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