Investors & landlords

As I said before, you always needs to start at the "saving clause".  That states what, if any, of the Treaty provisions apply to US Citizens and Residents.  In most cases, most provisions of the Treaty do NOT apply to US Citizens and Residents.  In the case of rental income from India, the Saving Clause says the Treaty would not apply to US Citizens and Residents.  Therefore the Treaty would NOT affect your tax return, and the only thing you would use is the Foreign Tax Credit (or if it is Wages or Self Employment, possibly the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion if that applies).