Somehow I assumed you sold it in 2017. Yes, you can take depreciation from the time place in service until date disposed of in a future year.
Is there any constraint on the depreciation percentage (business percentage) that affects the principle residence qualification?
Yes. Depreciation that you take while renting (even if you don't claim it) will be taxed as ordinary income. That's called recapture. If you claim 40% of the house as business property, you'll be claiming 40% of what would be the whole house depreciation. You'll still get the Sec 121 exclusion unless you rent it 100% and move out for 3 of the last 5 years of ownership.
