@pk Thank you very much for your reply, based on which the relevant information on employment or award is given in the description of the fellowship below (also quoted in my first message above):
"As the maintenance and other allowances provided by JSPS to researchers are not employment
based wages, they are not subject to withholding tax. In addition, as these allowances take the form
of travel expenses required to support the researchers' stays in Japan and are limited to covering
actual expenses, they are exempted from taxation."
Since the Japanese fellowship is "NOT employment-based wages," it is then considered as an award.
My follow-up questions:
What are the tax benefits of an award versus self-employment wages? Are awards tax free in the US?
Surely there must be a place to enter the award amount in TurboTax, which I need to explore. Any hints would be appreciated, but the above questions are more important since they determine how to report the fellowship amount.
Thank you again for your great help.
vql
