The LLC is a non refundable credit. So, TurboTax(TT) is probably using the full $10K (the max) of tuition to calculate a $350 credit, when it only needs to use about $1750. So, yes, it is a weakness in TT.
Two things you know: neither the scholarship or the 529 distribution are taxable. Both the 1099-Q and the 1098-T are only informational documents. The numbers on them are not required to be entered onto your tax return. So, don't enter the 1099-Q at all.
You can just not report the 1099-Q, at all, if your student-beneficiary has sufficient educational expenses, including room & board (even if he lives at home) to cover the distribution. When the box 1 amount on form 1099-Q is fully covered by expenses, TurboTax will enter nothing about the 1099-Q on the actual tax forms. But, it will prepare a 1099-Q worksheet for your records. You would still have to do the math to see if there were enough expenses left over for you to claim the tuition credit. You also cannot count expenses that were paid by tax free scholarships. You cannot double dip!
References:
- On form 1099-Q, instructions to the recipient reads: "Nontaxable distributions from CESAs and QTPs are not required to be reported on your income tax return. You must determine the taxability of any distribution."
- IRS Pub 970 states: “Generally, distributions are tax free if they aren't more than the beneficiary's AQEE for the year. Don't report tax-free distributions (including qualifying rollovers) on your tax return”.
The 1098-T is only an informational document. The numbers on it are not required to be entered onto your tax return. However receipt of a 1098-T frequently means you are either eligible for a tuition credit or possibly your student has taxable scholarship income.
If you claim the tuition credit, you do need to report that you got one or that you qualify for an exception (the TurboTax interview will handle this)
You claim the tuition credit, or report scholarship income, based on your own financial records, not the 1098-T.
If you find it easier (and in your case will be easier), just change the numbers in boxes 1& 5 to what your records show. The 1098-T that you enter in TT is not sent to the IRS.
In your case, you know you have room and board to cover some of the 1099-Q, so you can re-allocate some of the tuition for the LLC. Make a reasonable estimate for room & board (for example let's say $5000) and enter your 1098-T with $5000 in box 1 and box 5 blank.
