Business & farm

@steevbe 

1. On Economic Impact Payment -- here is what IRS says :

  "   A2. Although some filers, such as high-income filers, will not qualify for an Economic Impact Payment, most will.

Taxpayers likely won't qualify for an Economic Impact Payment if any of the following apply:

• Your adjusted gross income is greater than
  • $99,000 if your filing status was single or married filing separately
  • $136,500 for head of household
  • $198,000 if your filing status was married filing jointly
• You can be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s return. For example, this would include a child, student or older dependent who can be claimed on a parent’s return.
• You do not have a valid Social Security number.
• You are a nonresident alien.
• You filed Form 1040-NR or Form 1040NR-EZ, Form 1040-PR or Form 1040-SS for 2019. "

2.    To make the first year choice  you have meet the following for the test period  ( starting from the date of admission )--> you must be here for at least 31 days and  75% of the days in the test period and you will pass the  substantial presence test during the  following year.

Please page 7 & 8 of IRS pub 519  ---- here is a quote: of the  section:---->

First-Year Choice
If you do not meet either the green card test or the substantial presence test for 2018 or 2019 and you did not choose to be treated as a resi-dent for part of 2018, but you meet the substan-tial presence test for 2020, you can choose to be treated as a U.S. resident for part of 2019. To make this choice, you must:
1.
Be present in the United States for at least 31 days in a row in 2019, and
2.
Be present in the United States for at least 75% of the number of days beginning with the first day of the 31-day period and end-ing with the last day of 2019. For purposes of this 75% requirement, you can treat up to 5 days of absence from the United States as days of presence in the United States.
When counting the days of presence in (1) and (2) above, do not count the days you were in the United States under any of the exceptions discussed earlier under Days of Presence in the United States.
If you make the first-year choice, your resi-dency starting date for 2019 is the first day of

the earliest 31-day period (described in (1) above) that you use to qualify for the choice. You are treated as a U.S. resident for the rest of the year. If you are present for more than one 31-day period and you satisfy condition (2) above for each of those periods, your residency starting date is the first day of the first 31-day period. If you are present for more than one 31-day period but you satisfy condition (2) above only for a later 31-day period, your resi-dency starting date is the first day of the later 31-day period.
Note. You do not have to be married to make this choice.
Example 1. Juan DaSilva is a citizen of the Philippines. He came to the United States for the first time on November 1, 2019, and was here on 31 consecutive days (from November 1 through December 1, 2019). Juan returned to the Philippines on December 1 and came back to the United States on December 17, 2019. He stayed in the United States for the rest of the year. During 2020, Juan was a resident of the United States under the substantial presence test. Juan can make the first-year choice for 2019 because he was in the United States in 2019 for a period of 31 days in a row (Novem-ber 1 through December 1) and for at least 75% (0.75) of the days following (and including) the first day of his 31-day period (46 total days of presence in the United States divided by 61 days in the period from November 1 through December 31 equals 75.4% (0.754)). If Juan makes the first-year choice, his residency start-ing date will be November 1, 2019

Suggest you read those pages  before deciding.

As a resident you file form 1040 ( supported by TurboTax ) whereas Non-Resident Aliens file form 1040-NR or 1040-NR/EZ -- note supported by TurboTax, you have to use a tax professional or SprinTax or similar.

As a resident you are taxed on world income whereas  Non_Residents  are taxed  ONLY on US sourced income.

As a Resident  you can use Married Filing Joint ( if you are married )  while Non-Resident's are treated as Single

Many of the credits & deductions are limited to Residents ONLY

 Hope this helps