How does deduction work for quarterly tax as an indivisual contractor?

I started to work as an individual contractor on July 1st, and I'm preparing for my first quarterly tax estimate.  I assume I will pay the quarterly tax before Sept 16. I am confused by the order of calculating deductions. So if I use the following example:

 

income for this quarter: $10,000

Part One: Self Employed Tax

Self-employment tax: 15.3%, apply to 92.35% of total income, which is $1412.96. No question. 

 

Part Two: Federal Income Tax

1. Deduct half of the SE tax ($706.48). No question.

2. Standard deduction: How doe it apply to quarterly tax? (It is for the whole year?)

3. QBI: Do I qualify for QBI if I'm an individual contractor?

4. If I work in my home office, does the house rental count as business expense?

5. federal tax: What bracket should I use for this since I cannot estimate the total income for the entire year yet?

 

Thanks in advance!