@aanshuman5 no matter how you go about doing this, it is messy.
(a) For Tax year 2022 --- You were an NRA and on exempt status for this calendar year .
You have to file an amended return to recoup the taxes already paid and your return filed / processed. This would include 1. an updated / amended 1040-NR including schedule-OI, a form 1040-X for the year 2022, a copy of the original filed/accepted 1040-NR -- Mailed in. The Schedule OI, exclusion amount is the W-2 income amount and the memo is " article 22 of US-India Tax Treaty " . The 1040-X "reason for amendment " is Correction for non-exemption of excludable income per US-India Tax Treaty article 22.
Note unless you have a valid US bank account, you will get a check from the IRS which must be cashed somewhere.
(b) For the Tax Year 2023 -- same as above
(c) For the tax year 2024 --- you are no longer on exempt status. Thus you file as a Resident for Tax purposes. However, because you left the country in August 2024 ( J-1 terminated ), you are better off being a Dual Status. So you file a form 1040 covering the period 01/01/2024 through the day you left the USA ( August, xx, 2024 ) and a form 1040-NR covering any US sourced income post your departure in August '24. Note ( because TurboTax does not support 1040-NR) , you have print/date/sign form 1040 and file by mail. You write across the top of form 1040 " DUAL STATUS FILER", attach the form 1040-NR -- even if it is empty except for your personal details . Also note that on this 1040 ( because you are eligible to exclude the wages from your J-1 job) , you have to include an "other" income with a negative income equal to your W-2 Box -1 -- thus excluding all your income from research/teaching. The memo on the "negative" other income should say "Excluded per Article 22 of US-India Tax Treaty "
Because of all these complications , you may want to consider the services of a qualified tax professional ( one whom is familiar with international taxation and particularly with US-India tax treaty vis-a-vis J1 Researcher.
Does this make sense ?
Is there more I can do for you ?
Namaste ji
pk
